Deactivating species in the transformation of crude bio-oil with methanol into hydrocarbons on a HZSM-5 catalyst

► Crude bio-oil valorization in a two-step process (thermal and catalytic) in-line. ► It studied the nature of the coke deposited on a HZSM-5 catalyst modified with Ni. ► Co-feeding methanol attenuates coke deposition and affects the nature of the coke. ► The coke deposited shows a heterogeneous and oxygenated nature. ► Significant fraction of the coke is deposited outside the zeolite crystals.