CFD simulation of flow pattern and jet penetration depth in gas-fluidized beds with single and double jets

► A simple two-fluid model is validated by experimental data of a central jet. ► Hydrodynamics of double jets is simulated under equal and unequal jet gas velocities. ► Two solid circulation patterns are determined by particle velocity vector. ► Three flow patterns are identified by solid volume fraction and particle velocity vector. ► Dependence of jet penetration depth on flow pattern is explored.