Towards further internal heat integration in design of reactive distillation columns-Part II. The process dynamics and operation

It should, however, be pointed out that seeking further internal heat integration might also confine severely the flexibility of the resultant reactive distillation column due to the reduction of mass transfer driving forces. When encountering a sharp increase in the product specification that is more relevant to the supplementary internal heat integration, the process might show deteriorated dynamic performance and can even converge to an undesirable steady state where the economical advantages of the supplementary internal heat integration are lost totally. Therefore, some effective measures to increase the redundancy of the resultant process design have to be taken to deal with the side-effect during process development.