Foodstuff authentication from spectral data: Toward a species-independent discrimination between fresh and frozen-thawed fish samples

The proposed strategies were validated over a database of more than 1200 samples of several different species, with near-infrared spectra collected with two different instruments. The overall classification accuracies ranged between 80% and 91%, according to the strategy and the instrument used. We believe that this study can contribute to the development of a species-independent approach to foodstuff classification.