Implicit and explicit olfactory memory in people with and without Down syndrome

► A novel purpose-designed task of implicit and explicit memory. ► Dissociation between implicit and explicit memory using olfactory stimuli observed in people with Down syndrome. ► Poorer performance by people with Down syndrome on tasks of executive function when compared to mental-age matched controls. ► Possible contribution of impairment in executive function to the deficit in explicit memory observed in people with Down syndrome.