The Late Krotovo (Cherno-ozerye) Culture in the Irtysh Forest-steppe, Western Siberia1

The study explores the origins and evolution of the Late Krotovo (Cherno-Ozerye) - a Middle Bronze Age culture in the Irtysh drainage. The Late Krotovo culture emerged in the late 3rd - early 2nd millennium BC in the Baraba forest-steppe as the final stage of the Krotovo culture proper. The people associated with the Late Krotovo were natives influenced, first indirectly and then directly, by the Andronovo (Fedorovka) tribes. The Andronovo impact is mirrored by the material culture, burial rites, decorative art, and paleogenetics. The outcome of the interaction constitutes a new archaeological phenomenon, represented by sites such as Cherno-Ozerye-1 and Tartas-1.