Cardanol as a replacement for cholesterol into the lipid bilayer of POPC liposomes

Large unilamellar liposomes were prepared by hydration of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleylphosphatydilcholine (POPC) films and subsequent extrusion of the obtained liposomal suspension. Inclusion of cholesterol and cardanol brings about a stabilization of the membranes of the liposomes, as determined by their rates of release of entrapped 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein. The liposome breakdown was promoted by a non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) and the kinetic measurements were carried out by fluorimetry in water at 25 °C. Morphological analyses of giant POPC liposomes in the presence and in the absence of both guests were also performed. The results obtained suggest the use of cardanol (an easy available natural product) as a replacement for cholesterol as a new possibility for stabilizing liposomes in drug targetting.