Horizontal or vertical photobioreactors? How to improve microalgae photosynthetic efficiency

The maximal irradiance around noon differs from 400 μmol photons m−2 s−1 in the vertical position to 1800 μmol photons m−2 s−1 in the horizontal position. The highest volumetric productivity was achieved in the simulated horizontal position, 4 g kg culture−1 d−1. The highest photosynthetic efficiency was found for the vertical simulation, 1.3 g of biomass produced per mol of PAR photons supplied, which compares favorably to the horizontal position (0.85 g mol−1) and to the theoretical maximal yield (1.8 g mol−1). These results prove that productivity per unit of ground area could be greatly enhanced by placing the photobioreactors vertically.