A tracking estimator for the firing angle of the Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSC)

The firing angle and the fundamental frequency equivalent impedance are the two defining parameters of a Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC). They can be used as the feedback signals in effective control of the TCSC. This paper presents a discrete-time tracking estimator, which is used for dynamically tracking the firing angle. The fundamental frequency equivalent impedance of the TCSC is then determined using the previously established model of the TCSC. The parameters of the TCSC are initialized using an extended state estimation approach, which incorporates the TCSC power flows as part of the state vector. Illustrative simulation examples are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed estimator in tracking the parameters.