Alternating current-gas metal arc welding for application to thin sheets

- Drop sizes are calculated and experimentally verified for AC-GMAW of thin sheets.
- Arc-covered-area variations and fluid flow velocity within a drop were considered.
- The behavior of forces in the EP and EN regions of AC-GMAW was considered.
- An increase in the EN ratio results in an increase in drop size.
- The proposed model is applicable to DC-, pulsed-, and AC-GMAW.