Disturbed flow in a patient-specific arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis: Multidirectional and reciprocating near-wall flow patterns

We have found that both multidirectional and reciprocating disturbed flow develop on the inner side of the swing segment in a patient-specific side-to-end fistula used for vascular access after six weeks post-operatively. This has obvious implications for elucidating the hemodynamic forces involved in the initiation of venous wall thickening in vascular access.