Novel methods to study functional loading micromechanics at the stem-cement and cement-bone interface in cemented femoral hip replacements

We have developed a technique to directly observe the micromechanics of the stem-cement and cement-bone interfaces of cemented femoral stems under physiologically relevant loading conditions. Thick transverse sections of a stem-cement-femur construct were fixed to the base of a test frame. Ante- and retro-verting torques were applied to the femoral stem by screwing the stem (via a pair of through holes) to an axle, which was turned using a lever arm actuated by the test frame cross-head. The surface of each transverse section was serially digitally imaged during loading. The displacements of the stem, cement and bone were determined using digital image correlation. These data were then used to calculate the relative displacements across the interfaces. This method provides a path to more thorough understanding of load-transfer from femoral stem to femur.