Do women behave more reciprocally than men? Gender differences in real effort dictator games

► Real-effort task done by recipients induces reciprocal behavior for female dictators. ► Only female dictators are sensitive to the real-effort task. ► Women significantly take smaller amounts in the real-effort treatments. ► Female dictators show higher magnitudes of reciprocity when recipients performed well. ► No treatment effect for male dictators: always take the same amounts.