Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
10443269 | Addictive Behaviors | 2013 | 7 Pages |
Abstract
The data suggest that individuals exposed to personal and environmental risk factors during the early stage of childhood are at increased risk of initiation to cigarette smoking at an earlier age. Identification of the pathways of association between these early life factors and initiation to cigarette smoking may help reduce risk of tobacco smoking in adolescents and its adverse consequences.
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Authors
Reza Hayatbakhsh, Abdullah A. Mamun, Gail M. Williams, Michael J. O'Callaghan, Jake M. Najman,