| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10461792 | Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews | 2013 | 10 Pages |
Abstract
⺠Perinatal adversities may be associated with Tourette syndrome (TS) in the offspring. ⺠Infections and stress may predict short-term severity in TS. ⺠Immune regulation may be intrinsically altered in TS. ⺠Psychosocial stress is the main contextual factor influencing tic severity.
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Authors
Pieter J. Hoekstra, Andrea Dietrich, Mark J. Edwards, Ishraga Elamin, Davide Martino,