The double-edge of similarity and difference mindsets: What comparison mindsets do depends on whether self or group representations are focal

► Person perception often involves comparing individual targets to reference points. ► Past work argues that difference versus similarity focus yields less stereotyping. ► We suggest this could reverse if self, rather than group, representations are focal. ► In two studies, we manipulate comparison mindset and activated representation. ► We find an interaction: impact of comparison mindset depends on focal representation.