Understanding wealth-based inequalities in child health in India: A decomposition approach

► Neonatal and child mortality inequality declined in urban areas of India but remained unchanged or increased in rural areas. ► Malnutrition inequality increased dramatically both in urban and rural areas of India. ► Inequalities in wealth and mother's education were the largest observed sources of child health inequality in 1992 and 2005. ► Contributions of household factors to inequality in (i) neonatal mortality did not change (ii) child mortality increased. ► Contributions of household factors to malnutrition inequality increased.