Place of death in metropolitan regions: Metropolitan versus non-metropolitan variation in place of death in Belgium, The Netherlands and England

Place of death is an important societal indicator of end-of-life quality for the terminally ill. Using death certificate data, we examined metropolitan/non-metropolitan variation in place of death of patients with life-limiting conditions in Belgium, The Netherlands and England. Metropolitan patients were less likely to die at home and, in England, less likely to die in care homes, than non-metropolitan terminally ill. We found a lesser degree of social support and lower availability of care home beds as partial explanations of the metropolitan/non-metropolitan discrepancy. These findings warrant specific approaches to end-of-life care in metropolitan areas.