Living and dying as subjects of the Inca Empire: Adult diet and health at Puruchuco-Huaquerones, Peru

► We integrate dental, osteological, and stable isotope data to reconstruct diet and health. ► This study uses the largest data set yet assembled for the Late Horizon of Peru. ► Stable isotope and osteological data indicate sex differences in diet and disease. ► High rates of disease within population but most lesions showed evidence of healing. ► Regional comparisons indicate that health was not affected by Inca annexation.