Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
10505438 | Journal of Environmental Management | 2011 | 8 Pages |
Abstract
Results showed that more than 3Â L of water were needed to provide consumers with 1.50Â L of drinking water. In particular, a volume of 1.50Â L of PET-bottled water required an extra virtual volume of 1.93Â L of water while an extra 2.13Â L was necessary to supply the same volume of tap water. These values had very different composition and origin. The WF of tap water was mainly due to losses of water during pipeline distribution and usage, while WF of bottled water was greatly influenced by the production of plastic materials. When the contribution of cooling water was added to the calculation, the WF of bottled water rose from 3.43 to 6.92Â L. Different strategies to reduce total water footprint are discussed.
Related Topics
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Energy
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Authors
V. Niccolucci, S. Botto, B. Rugani, V. Nicolardi, S. Bastianoni, C. Gaggi,