Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
10508687 | Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment | 2005 | 12 Pages |
Abstract
This paper describes an approach to balance the climate benefits of contrail reduction against the penalties incurred when cruise altitudes are restricted. Altitude restrictions are targeted by selecting, for each 6-h period, the altitude that provides the greatest reduction in contrail for the lowest increase in carbon dioxide emission. Calculations are for western Europe. This paper discusses the variability in contrail formation conditions in the region and presents contrail reductions and carbon dioxide emission increases obtained with this optimised approach, which compare favourably with fixed altitude restrictions. A new method is also developed to estimate contrail fractions within three-dimensional grids. Conclusions discuss potential operational issues associated with a varying altitude restriction policy.
Keywords
Related Topics
Life Sciences
Environmental Science
Environmental Science (General)
Authors
Victoria Williams, Robert B. Noland,