Macro- and microelement contents in fruiting bodies of wild mushrooms from the Notecka forest in west-central Poland

Fruiting bodies of wild mushrooms and forest soil samples were collected and analyzed for macro- (N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg) and microelement (Al, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb) contents in pine stands of the Notecka Forest in west-central Poland. Elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry in 160 samples of 8 fungal species and 15 underlying soil samples. Macro- and microelement contents in soil were low and characteristic of the poor and acidic sandy soils of the Polish lowlands not influenced by industrial pollution. In fruiting bodies, the highest mean concentration of macroelements (dry mass basis) was found for N (40.0 g kg−1), followed by K (33.0 g kg−1), P (5.4 g kg−1), S (2.2 g kg−1), Ca (1.0 g kg−1) and Mg (0.7 g kg−1). All macroelements (except for Ca) were concentrated in considerably higher levels in the fruiting bodies than in the forest soil. Nitrogen, P, K, S and Mg were preferably translocated into the cap rather than the stipes. Calcium, however, was often found in higher concentration in stipes than in caps. The mean microelement concentrations, across all tested fungi, were in the following order: Al > Zn > Fe > Mn > Pb > Cd. Microelements showed different distributions, depending on the part of the fruiting body. Some were more concentrated in the caps and some in stipes and distributions varied among species. Xerocomus badius is the most often harvested edible mushroom in the Notecka Forest. Pb and Cd distributions in fruiting bodies of this mushroom were evaluated in order to assess health risks to consumers. The estimated dietary exposures to Pb and Cd for consumers of this mushroom were in excess of guidelines on safe exposures.