Studies on differential sensing of dopamine at the surface of chemically sensitized ormosil-modified electrodes

We report herein the preparation of few chemically sensitized organically modified sol-gel glass (ormosil) films and sensing of dopamine at the surface of the modified electrodes derived from these films. The chemical sensitization in ormosil-modified electrodes is introduced by incorporating: (a) potassium ferricyanide and (b) either Nafion, or dibenzo-18-crown-6 or in situ generated Prussian blue from potassium ferricyanide. Electrochemical sensing of dopamine on the surfaces of these modified electrodes have been investigated and found that: (i) the presence of dibenzo-18-crown-6 facilitate the magnitude of dopamine sensing, (ii) conversion of potassium ferricyanide into Prussian blue also enhances the magnitude of dopamine sensing as compared to that of control and Nafion sensitized modified electrodes, (iii) both dibenzo-18-crown-6 and Nafion sensitized ormosil-modified electrodes are found selective to dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid present under physiological concentration range. These finding again directed our attention to investigate the sensing of dopamine: (a) on dibenzo-18-crown-6 incorporated within Prussian blue sensitized modified electrode and (b) in the presence of varying concentrations of dibenzo-18-crown-6 in the Prussian blue modified electrodes. The investigations made on these lines again suggested the following: (1) increase in dibenzo-18-crown-6 concentrations in the modified electrode increases the magnitude of dopamine sensing upto an optimum concentration of macrocycle; (2) the detection limit of dopamine sensing goes down to 30 nM as compared to that of dibenzo-18-crown-6 incorporated with potassium ferricyanide which was found to the order of 100 nM. Investigations of the interference of ascorbic acid revealed that the presence of dibenzo-18-crown-6 introduces selectivity in dopamine sensing in the presence such common interfering analyte like ascorbic acid.