Screening water for pollutants using biological techniques under European Union funding during the last 10 years

This overview aims to describe the state of the art in Europe on sensors, biosensors, bioassays and immunochemical techniques for monitoring of water and soil pollution, with special attention to the screening methods developed under the European Commission's 4th and 5th Framework Research Programs [1994-1998 (FP4) and 1998-2002 (FP5)].