Factorial analysis of diesel engine performance using different types of biofuels

In this study, several bio-source-fuels like fresh and waste vegetable oil and waste animal fat were tested at different injector pressures (120, 140, 190, 210 bar) in a direct-injection, naturally aspirated, single-cylinder diesel engine with a design injection pressure of 190 bar. Using 2k factorial analysis, the effect of injection pressure (Pi) and fuel type on three engine parameters, namely, combustion efficiency (ηc), mass fuel consumption (mf), and engine speed (N) was examined. It was found that Pi and fuel type significantly affected both ηc and mf while they had a slight effect on engine speed. Moreover, with diesel and biodiesels, the ηc increased to a maximum at 190 bar but declined at the higher Pi value. In contrast, higher Pi had a favorable effect on ηc over the whole Pi range with all the other more viscous fuels tested. In addition, the mass fuel consumption consistently decreased with an increase in Pi for all the fuels including the baseline diesel fuel, with which the engine consistently attained higher ηc and higher rpm compared to all the other fuels tested.