Computation of optimal Mars trajectories via combined chemical/electrical propulsion, Part 2: Minimum time solutions with bounded thrust direction

The second limiting case occurs for αmax=0∘ and has the following properties: (i) the thrust magnitude has a bang-zero-bang profile; (ii) for the powered subarcs, the thrust direction is tangent to the flight path at all times; (iii) the minimum time trajectory for α constrained is the same as the minimum propellant consumption trajectory for α unconstrained.