Mechanistic overview of reactive species-induced degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury

Article ID	Journal	Published Year	Pages	File Type
10738206	Free Radical Biology and Medicine	2012	21 Pages	PDF

Abstract

âº Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is characterized by the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. âº The glycocalyx is a protective sugar layer that normally coats the endothelium. âº Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species degrade the glycocalyx, thereby exacerbating hepatic I/R injury. âº Glycocalyx degradation increases oxidative stress and facilitates leukocyte adhesion. âº Oxidative glycocalyx degradation yields immunogenic circulating fragments.

Keywords

TLR MT-MMP GlcNAc IDUA XOR TRAF6 ICAM-1 GluA BSM NOS DAMP iNOS GAG MnSOD DAPI eNOS MPT NF-κB ET-1 flavin adenine dinucleotide MMP receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility XDH SEC N-acetylgalactosamine GalNAc MYD88 HSC Xanthine oxidase 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole MPO ecSOD I/R NOx Liver pathology Oxidative and nitrosative stress iduronic acid Hyaluronic acid Glucuronic acid neutrophil elastase sterile inflammation damage-associated molecular patterns damage-associated molecular pattern mitochondrial permeability transition endothelin-1 NADPH oxidase ischemia and reperfusion interleukin FAD tumor necrosis factor alpha Toll-like receptor Free radicals Rhamm Microcirculation Xanthine dehydrogenase TIMP electron transport chain SOD Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell Dendritic cell Hepatic stellate cell Kupffer cell inducible nitric oxide synthase endothelial nitric oxide synthase extracellular superoxide dismutase manganese superoxide dismutase Superoxide dismutase Sialic acid TNF receptor-associated factor 6 IRAK-1 TNF-α nuclear factor kappa B matrix metalloproteinase membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases myeloperoxidase nitric oxide synthase N-acetylglucosamine Heparan sulfate ETc myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 Proteoglycan Chondroitin sulfate interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 Glycosaminoglycan Glycocalyx