Analysis of Compressed Force in Crowds

The risk of dying or injuring caused by force accumulated among crowds is great in the crowd accidents. This kind of force could even bend steel barriers or tear down brick walls. Compressed force between pedestrians may result in the deformation and compression of pedestrians' body, or serious psychological problems like shortness of breath. The movement and force of crowds are analyzed from the view of microcosm at high density. The compression and deformation are emphasized. The social model has been modified to meet the requirements of very high density which is the non-ideal condition. The model allows moving bodies to be touched more closely. Crowds can even be overlapped. The force will accumulate and propagate especially at dense crowds because of the overlap. It is elastical deformation that results in the force spreading and accumulating through the crowds, which is the important cause of the disaster. The elastical deformation and the movement are correlated closely. The failure of crowd simulation software at high density lies in neglecting the compressed phenomena and the force propagating. The objective of this article is to develop a micro-simulation model to reveal crowd movement at the non-ideal condition by modeling and simulating the force and movement of pedestrians.