Primary eye care skills scores for health workers in routine and enhanced supervision settings

IntroductionPrimary health care in Tanzania is provided at two types of health units, the dispensary and the health centre. Theoretically, primary health workers (with knowledge of primary eye care [PEC]) are ideally placed to identify people in need of eye care services. In Tanzania, they are expected to be able to identify, treat, or correctly refer a number of eye conditions including cataract, trauma, presbyopia, and the ‘red eye’. They are also expected to be able to measure visual acuity correctly and to educate the community about prevention.ObjectivesThe objective was to determine the effect of enhanced supervision of health workers on PEC knowledge and skills in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania.Study designThis was a quasi-experimental, cluster randomized intervention study of an enhanced supervisory method compared to a routine supervisory method; 36 dispensaries were randomly allocated into the two groups.ParticipantsHealth workers based at government dispensaries in Mwanga District.Data collectionParticipants were interviewed pre and post intervention and the information was recorded using a standardized pretested questionnaire.ResultsMean scores of knowledge in healthcare workers was higher in the intervention group (score = 6.43, 80.4% improvement) compared to the non-intervention group (score = 4.71, 58.9% improvement). The ability to describe and demonstrate vision testing was better (score = 1.8) in the enhanced supervision group compared to the routine supervision group (score = 0.88, P = 0.03). There was a high level of attrition (24%) within one year from the time of baseline survey, especially amongst clinical officers (44%).ConclusionDuring the pilot study, enhanced supervision improved PEC knowledge and skills of health workers compared to health workers with routine supervision.RecommendationsTraining in PEC needs revision to become more practicum-based. There is need to revise supervision guidelines (to be skills-based) and the supervision skills of district eye coordinators (DECs) need to be enhanced. There is a huge need to improve governance (accountability and rule of law) of health staff.