| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10901338 | Cancer Letters | 2016 | 11 Pages |
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine present in tumor microenvironment. Elevated level of IL-6 is associated with cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis through fueling STAT3, MAPK and Akt signaling. It promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) through altered expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, snail, twist and E-cadherin leading to cancer metastasis. IL-6 boosts mammosphere formation, self-renewal of stem cells, stemness properties of cancer cells and recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells. IL-6 is also a contributing factor for multidrug resistance in cancer due to gp130/MAPK/STAT3 mediated activation of transcription factors C/EBPβ/δ, overexpression of p-glycoprotein, EMT transition and expansion of stem cells. The in-depth investigation of IL-6 mediated cellular effects and its signaling pathway can provide the new window for future research and clinical development of IL-6 targeted therapy in cancer. Thus, an overview is delivered in this review deciphering the emerging aspect of the predominant influence of IL-6 in malignant transformation, EMT, cancer-associated stem cells and chemoresistance.
Keywords
HNF-4αMCP-1AP-1LPATIMP-1gp130ZEB1MDR1EZH2XIAPSTAT3MRP1JNKsFRA-1HP1Rho ATGF-βfos-related antigen 1zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1AMPKERKCCL2IL-6MMPFGFPI3KNF-κBBcl-2Janus kinaseOct-4C/EBPc-Jun N-terminal kinasesMAPKras homolog gene family, member Alysophosphatidic acidBaxTransforming Growth Factor Betaenhancer of zeste homolog 2cancer stem cellCytokineextracellular signal regulated kinaseshepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alphaFibroblast Growth FactorsVascular endothelial growth factorVascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)Heat shock transcription factor 1nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cellsphosphatase and tensin homologphosphoinositide 3-kinaseB-cell lymphoma 2signal transducer and activator of transcription 3Matrix metalloproteinasesTissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinBCL2-associated X proteinX-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteinmonocyte chemoattractant protein-1activator protein 1multidrug resistance protein 1heterochromatin protein 15′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinaseRho-associated protein kinaseJAKPtenchemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2mitogen-activated protein kinasesglycoprotein 130Rock
Related Topics
Life Sciences
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Cancer Research
Authors
Rashmi Bharti, Goutam Dey, Mahitosh Mandal,