Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
10914580 | Molecular Oncology | 2016 | 14 Pages |
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the highest incident-rate cancers with increasing prevalence in Western societies. Despite the advent of new approved therapeutics, the 5-year overall survival rate of stage IV melanoma patients remains below 15%. Current treatments for late stage disease have shown higher efficacy when treated at a lower disease burden. Thus, blood-based biomarkers capable of detecting melanoma prior to clinically evident distant metastasis, will improve the treatment and outcomes for melanoma patients. To that end, effective treatment of melanoma necessitates identification of patients at risk for developing distant metastases. Furthermore, employing blood biomarkers that monitor cancer progression over the course of treatment is a promising solution to post-treatment drug resistance often developed in melanoma patients. Non-invasive blood biomarker assays allow for regular dynamic monitoring of disease. “Liquid Biopsy” of blood, which exploits circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and cell-free circulating microRNA (cmiRNA), has been shown to detect prognostic factors for relapse in AJCC stage III and stage IV melanoma patients. Moreover, molecular characterization of CTC and analysis of various forms of ctDNA present promising potential in development of individualized therapy for melanoma patients. New approaches such as massive parallel sequencing (MPS) provide a comprehensive view of the disease progression, allowing for the selection of therapeutic options for individual patients. With advancements of improving molecular assays, liquid biopsy analysis as a powerful, routine clinical assay for melanoma patients, is highly promising prospective.
Keywords
PD-L1MAAPAX3MSIAJCCMGMTDFSMSSSLNqRT-PCRddPCRCtDNABRAFMAGE-A3CNLcytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4MART-1RASSF1Agp100FABP7CNGCNAPD-1GalNAc-TqPCRCTCCTLA-4aim1Ras association domain family 1 isoform AB-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinasecell-free DNAO-6-Methylguanine-DNA MethyltransferaseMelanoma-associated antigenloss of heterozygosityCopy number gainCapillary electrophoresisdisease-free survivalmelanoma-specific survivaloverall survivalMicrosatellite instabilityLiquid biopsyMassive parallel sequencingCirculating tumor cellsmutationMelanomaLinesquantitative reverse transcription PCRDroplet digital PCRlactate dehydrogenaseLDHLOHprogrammed cell death ligand 1MEKprogrammed cell death 1Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2hazard ratioMPsquantitative polymerase chain reactionAntibodymitogen-activated protein kinase kinaseSingle-nucleotide polymorphismSNPAmerican Joint Committee on Cancercopy number aberrationcirculating tumor cellSentinel lymph nodeglycoprotein 100
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Authors
Sharon K. Huang, Dave S.B. Hoon,