Redox-regulating role of insulin: The essence of insulin effect

Article ID	Journal	Published Year	Pages	File Type
10956311	Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology	2012	17 Pages	PDF

Abstract

âº Insulin exerts potent antioxidative activity. âº Insulin inhibits ROS generation and promotes the elimination of excessive ROS. âº Insulin regulates Nrf2 activation via IR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. âº Insulin regulates antioxidant enzymes via Nrf2.

Keywords

NF-κB PI3K Jnk 4-HNE 4-hydroxynonenal TBHQ CAT DCM G6PD Nrf2 NADPH GSH GST GPX HO-1 mTOR ERK LPO GSSG TBARS RAS NOS RAF 8-OHdG RNS ROO CuZnSOD TRAP SHC IGF-1 p70S6K GCL MnSOD STZ PKC 8-OHG IGF-1R SOS GSK-3 Heme oxygenase-1 Trx TrxR tert-butylhydroperoxide T2DM T1DM Irs2 NQO1 GCLC PDK1 Jun N-terminal kinase TXNIP tert-butylhydroquinone PCIs IRS1 GCLM CoQ Manganese SOD tBHP TC10 8-hydroxyguanine PRX GRB2 GPG UCP G-6-P GIK MDA Ribosomal p70 S6 kinase catalytic subunit of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase MIMP 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine 8-iso-PGF2α 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α AmI APs keap1 MPO MAPK NAD(P)H Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 NADP+O2−ROS Hydrogen peroxide Antioxidant Akt streptozotocin insulin ONOO AIDS Insulin receptor substrate 2 Alzheimer’s disease thioredoxin reductase Oxidative stress thioredoxin FLN Diabetes mellitus type 1 diabetes mellitus Type 2 diabetes mellitus Redox insulin receptor substrate 1 SOD acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Superoxide Superoxide dismutase Acute myocardial infarction antioxidant responsive element insulin-like growth factor 1 nuclear factor κB nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase Flotillin γ-glutamylcysteine ligase malondialdehyde MEK Percutaneous coronary interventions thiobarbituric acid reactive substances myeloperoxidase nitrotyrosine Nitric oxide nitric oxide synthase nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate mammalian target of rapamycin ARE H2O2 hydroxyl Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 Mitochondrial inner membrane potential Lipid peroxidation thioredoxin-interacting protein Uncoupling protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 protein kinase B Protein kinase C mitogen-activated protein kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase Peroxiredoxin Peroxynitrite Peroxyl Catalase Dilated cardiomyopathy CaP Cbl Coenzyme Q extracellular signal-regulated kinases Glutathione Glutathione-S-transferases glutathione reductase glutathione peroxidase glucose-6-phosphate glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase glycogen synthase kinase 3 reactive nitrogen species Reactive oxygen species insulin receptor