Generation of beta cells from human pluripotent stem cells: Potential for regenerative medicine

► We reviewed recent progress on the generation of beta cells from hPSCs. ► We discussed the signaling pathways required for hPSC commitment to the pancreatic lineages. ► We discussed the importance of reproducing first and secondary transition in vitro. ► We discussed the generation of poly-hormonal cells in vitro, their potential role in embryonic development and the possibility to transdifferentiate these cells to beta cells. ► We identified current challenges and suggested potential approaches to generate functional beta cell in vitro from hPSCs.