Mucosal vaccination increases local chemokine production attracting immune cells to the stomach mucosa of Helicobacter pylori infected mice

► Sublingual vaccination protects against H. pylori infection in the stomach. ► The relationship between vaccine-induced gastric chemokine responses and protection against H. pylori infection is not known. ► Vaccination strongly induced chemokines in the stomach known to attract eosinophils, T cells and neutrophils. ► Protection coincided with accumulation of CD4+ T cells, eosinophils, neutrophils and CD103+ dendritic cells in the stomach. ► Our results will guide in the testing of vaccines against H. pylori infection in humans.