| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11001178 | Renewable Energy | 2019 | 48 Pages |
Abstract
The results revealed that a sulfonated lignin-derived acid catalyst has a high potential to esterify waste vegetable oil to about (92%) conversion. Furthermore, it demonstrated about 57% conversion to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) under the following optimum condition: sulfonation time of 1â¯h, catalyst loading of 10â¯wt %, the methanol-to-WVO molar ratio of 35:1, a reaction temperature of 65â¯Â°C and reaction time of 6â¯h. Also, the results showed that the lignin-based acid catalyst can be reused at least ten times with high FFA conversion (>75%).
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
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Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Authors
Arwa Sandouqa, Zayed Al-Hamamre, Jamil Asfar,