Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
11005765 | Microchemical Journal | 2018 | 33 Pages |
Abstract
A low cost and portable flow-through passive sampling device (PSD) which is not affected by the flow pattern of the sampled aquatic system was developed. Zn2+ was selected as the target analyte in optimizing and testing the device under laboratory conditions using as the source solution (SS) either Zn2+ solutions or environmental waters, spiked with Zn2+. It was demonstrated that the accumulated amount of Zn2+ in all sampling experiments with the newly developed PSD was independent of the flow pattern of the sampled SS which was in contrast with results obtained with previously developed dip-in and shielded dip-in passive samplers. The flow-through PSD consists of an acrylic-based 3D-printed flow-through compartment, a glass vessel containing the receiving solution (RS) and a polymer inclusion membrane which acts as a semipermeable barrier separating the RS from a stream of the sampled water (i.e., SS). The PIM was composed of 35â¯wt% commercial dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (DNNS), 55â¯wt% poly(vinyl chloride) and 10â¯wt% 1-tetradecanol. Though in some of the experiments the SS was propelled through the PSD by a conventional peristaltic pump, unsuitable for use in the field, it was demonstrated that the replacement of the peristatic pump with a small battery-driven piezoelectric micro pump was straightforward and did not affect the performance of the PSD. This finding proves the suitability of the newly developed flow-through PSD as a cost effective and portable tool for passive sampling of environmental waters free of flow pattern effects.
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Authors
Fidelis Nitti, M. Inês G.S. Almeida, Richard Morrison, Robert W. Cattrall, Vincent J. Pettigrove, Rhys A. Coleman, Spas D. Kolev,