Alanine induced structure reconstruction of PEDOT:PSS films in perovskite solar cells

From the figures, it can be obviously seen that the ratio of -SO3H to -SO3- was decreased as the alanine increasing, indicating more -SO3- can be created than -SO3H. The ratio of -SO3H was rare in the excess alanine conditions. The integral area ratio of PSS to PEDOT calculated from Fig. 1 was slightly increased from 7.7 to 8.8 as the alanine increasing. The champion efficiency of the best cell with alanine modification was 15.5% with FF increased from 66% to 80% by a factor of 21%.240