The development of pulmonary aspergillosis and its histologic, clinical, and radiologic manifestations

Pulmonary syndromes following exposure to Aspergillus sp. have a variety of clinical and radiological manifestations. The radiological manifestations mirror the pathophysiological response to Aspergillus sp., which is linked closely to the patient's immune status. The plethora of terms in the literature can be confusing and their application with relevance to radiological imaging may subsequently result in inadequate or non-specific classification. In this review, we aim to provide a simplified and up-to-date approach to the recognition of the imaging manifestations of pulmonary aspergillosis, using correlation with histopathological and clinical descriptors. This will enable the radiologist to utilise the imaging findings to instigate clinically useful and appropriate management for those patients at risk of significant morbidity and mortality.