Using gaze behavior to gain insights into the impacts of naturalness on city dwellers' perceptions and valuation of a landscape

The results revealed strong concordance among the rating, verbal and gaze data (based on gaze fixations). The gaze data helped identify landscape objects of importance in forming judgments of landscape valuation, and we obtained new insights into qualifying the impacts of nature on the perceptions and valuations of city dwellers. The natural section of the river is where we observed distinct gaze behaviors that can be interpreted as signs of fascination, which is known to promote attention recovery. We conclude that the restoration of the natural states of rivers in cities is likely to be important for increasing urban well-being.