Cellular automaton simulation of pedestrian flow considering vision and multi-velocity

A cellular automaton (CA) model with an asynchronous update has been used to identify the pedestrians walking at the different speeds. The multithreading mechanism is introduced into the simulation update rules where the pedestrians are allowed to move with the different walking velocities independently. The vision area is provided to describe the environment during the movement. The pedestrians who are overtaking, blocking, forming lanes and conducting other interactive phenomena are represented well in this model. In the study, several simulations are held using the different pedestrian velocity compositions using the model. The relationships between velocity-density and pedestrian types are analyzed. The pedestrian flow shows the different relationships between velocity-density and flow-density at the various pedestrian compositions. The lowest velocity pedestrian type has a significant influence on the average pedestrian flow velocity.