Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
11026460 | Energy | 2018 | 31 Pages |
Abstract
The synthesis of 1,2-butylene carbonate (BC) from cycloaddition reaction of 1,2-butylene oxide (BO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) was investigated using several heterogeneous catalysts in the absence of organic solvent. Continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS) has been employed as a rapid and cleaner route for the synthesis of a highly efficient graphene-inorganic heterogeneous catalyst, ceria-lanthana-zirconia/graphene nanocomposite, represented as CeLaZr/GO. The heterogeneous catalysts have been characterised using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption (BET for measuring the surface area/pore size distribution). Ceria-lanthana-zirconia/graphene nanocomposite catalyst (CeLaZr/GO) exhibited high catalytic activity as compared to other reported heterogeneous catalysts in the absence of any organic solvent with a selectivity of 76% and 64% yield of 1,2-butylene carbonate at the reaction conditions of 408â¯K, 75â¯bar in 20â¯h.
Keywords
scCO2(GO)CHFSSCFBrunauer–Emmett–TellerSupercritical CO2Hydrogen peroxideflame ionization detectorAcetonesulphuric acidhydrochloric acidOctaneZirconium oxideCerium oxideLanthanum oxideMagnesium oxidePropylene oxideGraphene oxideTemFIDCarbon dioxide (CO2)Carbon dioxideTime (h)continuous hydrothermal flow synthesisSupercritical fluidCeriaBETX-ray photoelectron spectroscopyLAOMethanolSEMscanning electron microscopeTransmission electron microscopyPotassium permanganateXRDX-ray diffractionHeterogeneous catalystsCO2ethylene carbonatePropylene carbonategas chromatograph
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Energy
Energy (General)
Authors
Victor Onyenkeadi, Suela Kellici, Basudeb Saha,