Screen-printed electrodes for quality control of liquid (Bio)fuels

Energy demand for modern society is ubiquitous and the liquid fuels play important role in this context. The market acceptance of liquid fuels depends on a highly rigorous quality control, which requires accurate and precise analytical methods to monitor the chemical parameters established by regulatory agencies. Fast and on-site monitoring of the quality parameters of fuels can be achieved by electrochemical techniques using disposable sensors, such as screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). This revision is devoted to recent development and application of SPEs to monitor quality parameters of liquid fuels (fossil fuels and biofuels), including the determination of organic and inorganic analytes using voltammetric or amperometric detection. Trends of SPE technology for quality control of fuels, based on the reported electrochemical methods that may be considered by regulatory agencies, are highlighted.