Influence of calcium and magnesium ions on CO2 corrosion of carbon steel in oil and gas production systems - A review

Calcium and magnesium ions are major constituent species in produced brines associated with oil and gas production. Existing literature is often contradictory and unclear as to whether the presence of such ions accelerates or retards general corrosion. Furthermore, their influence on initiation and propagation of localized corrosion remains ambiguous. This review presents state-of-the-art knowledge concerning how Ca2+ and Mg2+ influence the CO2 corrosion mechanism. In addition, a best way forward is proposed in order to bridge the existing literature gaps in studying the influence of these alkaline earth cations on CO2 corrosion.