The lexical semantics of language (with special reference to words)

Language can be regarded as one of the key words of English, as well as the foundational term of the discourse of linguistics. It is well to remember, however, that the concept of a language lacks precise semantic equivalents in many languages. This study presents a semantic-lexicographic analysis of several meanings of the word language in contemporary English, using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage method of semantic description ( Wierzbicka, 1996, Wierzbicka, 1997, Goddard, 1998 and Goddard, 2008). The study is similar in scope and approach to an earlier study (Goddard, 2005) of the word culture, which resembles language in several important respects. One distinctive aspect of the explications for language is their reliance on the proposed semantic prime words, which is discussed at some length. Though primarily focused on English, the study makes reference to Yankunytjatjara, Chinese, and Russian, among other languages.