Investigating the Relationship of Adaptive Leadership and Leadership Capabilities on Leadership Effectiveness in Sarawak Schools

When the National Educational Blueprint was launched in 2013, it had explicitly articulated its intention to provide an education system that would take into account the challenges of the 21st century. Adaptive leadership which originates from evolutionary biological sciences perspective has made significant strides toward the understanding of leadership in Knowledge-Era as an adaptive process in an unpredictable 21st century environment (Heifetz, 2004). This research was an attempt to take the first step toward the integration of leadership competence with capability that might lead to anticipated leadership effectiveness leadership in Sarawak schools. First, this paper defined the adaptive leadership (Heifetz, Karnia & Kramer, 2004). Second, it explained how leadership capabilities (Hazy, 2004) could be used to compliment leadership competency in adaptive leadership to ensure leadership effectiveness. Third, this paper explained the leadership effectiveness processes based on Vanderbilt assessment for leadership effectiveness in schools (Porter, Polikoff, Goldring, Murphy, Elliot & May, 2010). Finally, it discussed the implications of adaptive leadership and leadership capabilities on leadership effectiveness in Sarawak schools particularly.