Sustainable Analysis Architecture and Optimization of Urban Freight under Congestion

The most metropolitan areas in the world are facing escalating motorization and mobility demands. As a result, due to the inherently complexity of urban goods movement (UGM) problems, an efficient UGM has become a critical issue. This paper presents a literature review on history and challenge of UGM, summarizes the architecture of UGM including trucks operation constraints and infrastructure layout, and points out optimization objectives for popular regulation policy choices of UGM, including social cost balance, such as emission, safety and congestion, and trade-off between efficiency, effectiveness and equity, finally concludes small trucks as a better choice for UGM by numerical analysis.