Challenges of Adaptation Returnees in Kazakhstan ★

In this article we would like to raise the issue of Kazakh immigrants from foreign countries, where they were not on their own, forced to emigrate there to escape the oppression and persecution of the government of the Russian Empire and the Soviet power in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Particularly tragic for the Kazakh people was the twentieth century. For example; only in the years 1902-1913. As a result of anti-people Stolypin agrarian reform in favor of forcibly seized a Russian-Ukrainian population of 21.2 million acres of Kazakh lands, the indigenous population decreased by 286 thousand persons or 9.8%. Most of them migrated to the territory of East Turkestan (Xinjiang) - in Ili and Altay. A similar fate befell the Kazakhs after the bloody suppression of the national liberation uprising in 1916 Tsarist Russia. Fleeing from the punitive actions of troops about 300 thousand Kazakhs and Kyrgyz fled to the border areas of East Turkestan, including the Altai region - about 100 thousand, Tarbagatai - 60-70 thousand, Ily - over 100 thousand. Scary times for the Kazakh people came with the establishment of Soviet power and the affirmation of a totalitarian regime. Public armed struggle between “red” and “white”, the Civil War of 1918-1920., Famine in 1921, the confiscation of large farms bey, forced collectivization and rebellion 1928-1931., Political repression 1937-1938. led to the fact that Kazakhstan has lost 30 to 40% of its native population both dead and permanently migrate beyond it - in Russia, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, Karakalpakstan, China, Iran and Afghanistan. Only for 1928-1932 years. in these countries to escape persecution and famine, found refuge about 1.03 million Kazakhs. How many of our fellow citizens died on the way to the border, or when it is going, no one registered, and we are unlikely to learn this truth.