Communal Toilet as a Collective Spatial System in High Density Urban Kampung

Living in a high density urban kampung with limited space and resources has created a challenge on how to meet the demand of services for basic everyday activities within the available space. Various collective spatial systems in urban kampung represent some important strategies of the communities in dealing with their limited situation. This paper addresses the existence of communal toilet system in urban kampung, as a collective spatial system developed by the community. The study identifies various spatial strategies incorporated within the communal toilet system, as well as social structures embedded within the spatial practice. The understanding of spatial and social system in the communal toilet system might provide some insights for the development of spatial strategies that are appropriate for urban kampung communities.