Genetic considerations in syndromic autism

Autism is a complex disorder that affects a child's ability to think, communicate, interact socially and learn, with onset usually between 18 and 24 months of age. Autism etiology can be identified in 15-20% of individuals. This paper aims to review the current understanding of the etiologies and the multiple pathogenetic pathways likely to lead to the autistic phenotype. Recognition of autism genetic etiology is essential for the correct prognosis and risk of recurrence, early identification and intervention being critical for the patient and for his family. For these reasons, the evaluation strategy should include a multidisciplinary team.