A triarchal instruction model: integration of principles from Behaviorism, Cognitivism, and Humanism

This article proposes a Triarchal Instruction Model in which principles of behaviorism, cognitivism, and humanism are integrated and transformed via the components involved in instruction: objective, assessment, material, method, teacher, and student. Moreover, different levels of learning readiness-beginning, intermediate, and advanced-are included as important considerations in instructional design based on the instructional model. Specific examples reflecting the principles of each discipline are given. This Triarchal Instruction Model offers a comprehensive framework for instructors in their curriculum design and for theorists in their analysis of various instructional approaches. © 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.